A traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a blow to the head or penetrating head injury disrupts normal function of the brain. About 1.7 million cases of TBI occur every year, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. It is a serious condition that requires specialized medical expertise. Visit the St. Charles Center’s concussion center to learn more about our comprehensive program to assess, treat, and rehabilitate individuals who have had a concussion.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary greatly and may be mild, moderate, or severe. They may include the following:
Vomiting
Lethargy
Headache
Confusion
Paralysis
Loss of consciousness
Dilated pupils
Vision changes (blurred vision or seeing double, not able to tolerate bright light, loss of eye movement, blindness)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (which may be clear or blood-tinged) coming out of the ears or nose
Dizziness and balance problems
Breathing problems
Slow pulse
Slow breathing rate, with an increase in blood pressure
Ringing in the ears or changes in hearing
Cognitive difficulties
Inappropriate emotional responses
Speech difficulties (slurred speech, inability to understand and/or articulate words)
Difficulty swallowing
Body numbness or tingling
Droopy eyelid or facial weakness
Loss of bowel control or bladder control
Treatment
Treatment option may involve emergency care to prevent further damage to your brain. If you had a penetrating head injury, you may need surgical procedures to correct damage to tissues and your skull, as well as medications to control fluid and prevent seizures. When a violent blow to the brain or concussion has occurred, patients will get a customized plan to return to activity and restore function.
